安卓MediaRecorder(3)音频采集编码写入详细源码分析
本文首发地址 https://blog.csdn.net/CSqingchen/article/details/134896808
最新更新地址 https://gitee.com/chenjim/chenjimblog
前言
通过安卓MediaRecorder(2)录制源码分析，我们知道 MediaRecorder 相关接口是在 StagefrightRecorder.cpp 中实现，本文进一步分析音频采集、编码、写入文件详细流程。
音频采集
音频初始化
通过前文，我们知道 setupAudioEncoder 在 setupMPEG4orWEBMRecording 中初始化，相关源码如下
// frameworks/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/StagefrightRecorder.cpp
status_t StagefrightRecorder::setupAudioEncoder() {
sp<MediaCodecSource> audioEncoder = createAudioSource();
return OK;
}
sp<MediaCodecSource> StagefrightRecorder::createAudioSource() {
...
// 通过 AVFactory 工厂创建 AudioSource,并初始化
sp<AudioSource> audioSource = AVFactory::get()->createAudioSource(
&attr,
mAttributionSource,
sourceSampleRate,
mAudioChannels,
mSampleRate,
mSelectedDeviceId,
mSelectedMicDirection,
mSelectedMicFieldDimension);
}那 AudioSource 是如何初始化的呢
// frameworks/av/media/libstagefright/AudioSource.cpp
void AudioSource::set(const audio_attributes_t *attr, const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource,
uint32_t sampleRate, uint32_t channelCount, uint32_t outSampleRate,
audio_port_handle_t selectedDeviceId,
audio_microphone_direction_t selectedMicDirection,
float selectedMicFieldDimension)
{
...
// 构造了 一个 AudioRecord cpp 对象
mRecord = new AudioRecord(
AUDIO_SOURCE_DEFAULT, sampleRate, AUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_16_BIT,
audio_channel_in_mask_from_count(channelCount),
attributionSource,
(size_t) (bufCount * frameCount),
// 采集的音频数据回调
wp<AudioRecord::IAudioRecordCallback>{this},
frameCount /*notificationFrames*/,
AUDIO_SESSION_ALLOCATE,
AudioRecord::TRANSFER_DEFAULT,
AUDIO_INPUT_FLAG_NONE,
attr,
selectedDeviceId,
selectedMicDirection,
selectedMicFieldDimension);
...
}AudioRecord.java 底层的实现也是 AudioSource.cpp
AudioRecord 主要是负责从麦克风设备采集音频 PCM 帧
AudioRecord 分析
// frameworks/av/media/libaudioclient/AudioRecord.cpp
status_t AudioRecord::set(...) {
...
if (mCallback != nullptr) {
// 启动录制的线程
mAudioRecordThread = new AudioRecordThread(*this);
mAudioRecordThread->run("AudioRecord", ANDROID_PRIORITY_AUDIO);
}
...
}
bool AudioRecord::AudioRecordThread::threadLoop() {
...
nsecs_t ns = mReceiver.processAudioBuffer();
...
}
nsecs_t AudioRecord::processAudioBuffer() {
...
// 回调 AudioRecord::IAudioRecordCallback
if (newOverrun) {
callback->onOverrun();
}
if (markerReached) {
callback->onMarker(markerPosition.value());
}
while (newPosCount > 0) {
callback->onNewPos(newPosition.value());
newPosition += updatePeriod;
newPosCount--;
}
if (mObservedSequence != sequence) {
mObservedSequence = sequence;
callback->onNewIAudioRecord();
}
while (mRemainingFrames > 0) {
// 获取 audioBuffer
status_t err = obtainBuffer(&audioBuffer, requested, NULL, &nonContig);
// 回调 取到的 buffer 到 AudioSource 中 onMoreData
const size_t readSize = callback->onMoreData(*buffer);
// 释放 buffer
releaseBuffer(&audioBuffer);
}
}AudioSource 采集到音频
// frameworks/av/media/libstagefright/AudioSource.cpp
size_t AudioSource::onMoreData(const AudioRecord::Buffer& audioBuffer) {
...
// 将AudioRecord::Buffer 放入 MediaBuffer
MediaBuffer *buffer = new MediaBuffer(audioBuffer.size());
memcpy((uint8_t *) buffer->data(),
audioBuffer.data(), audioBuffer.size());
buffer->set_range(0, audioBuffer.size());
// 将 buffer 放入缓存
queueInputBuffer_l(buffer, timeUs);
return audioBuffer.size();
}
void AudioSource::queueInputBuffer_l(MediaBuffer *buffer, int64_t timeUs) {
...
// 将 buffer 放入缓存 mBuffersReceived 中
mBuffersReceived.push_back(buffer);
mFrameAvailableCondition.signal();
}
// 如下接口可以读取采集到的 buffer
status_t AudioSource::read(MediaBufferBase **out, const ReadOptions * /* options */) {
...
MediaBuffer *buffer = *mBuffersReceived.begin();
mBuffersReceived.erase(mBuffersReceived.begin());
buffer->setObserver(this);
...
*out = buffer;
}音频编码
编码器创建如下
sp<MediaCodecSource> StagefrightRecorder::createAudioSource() {
sp<MediaCodecSource> audioEncoder = MediaCodecSource::Create(mLooper, format, audioSource);
}
// MediaCodecSource 构造如下
MediaCodecSource::MediaCodecSource(
const sp<ALooper> &looper,
const sp<AMessage> &outputFormat,
const sp<MediaSource> &source,
const sp<PersistentSurface> &persistentSurface,
uint32_t flags){
if (!(mFlags & FLAG_USE_SURFACE_INPUT)) {
// 将 AudioSource 放入 Puller 中
mPuller = new Puller(source);
}
}MediaCodecSource::start 发送 kWhatStart 消息
status_t MediaCodecSource::start(MetaData* params) {
sp<AMessage> msg = new AMessage(kWhatStart, mReflector);
msg->setObject("meta", params);
// 发消息 kWhatStart 到 MediaCodecSource::onMessageReceived
// 进而传递到 MediaCodecSource::onStart
return postSynchronouslyAndReturnError(msg);
}
void MediaCodecSource::onMessageReceived(const sp<AMessage> &msg) {
switch (msg->what()) {
case kWhatStart: {
sp<AMessage> response = new AMessage;
// 调用 MediaCodecSource::onStart
response->setInt32("err", onStart(params));
response->postReply(replyID);
}
}
}
status_t MediaCodecSource::onStart(MetaData *params) {
...
// 创建 kWhatPullerNotify 消息,传入 MediaCodecSource::Puller::start
sp<AMessage> notify = new AMessage(kWhatPullerNotify, mReflector);
err = mPuller->start(meta.get(), notify);
}MediaCodecSource::Puller::start 流程如下
status_t MediaCodecSource::Puller::start(const sp<MetaData> &meta, const sp<AMessage> ¬ify) {
mNotify = notify;
// 发送 kWhatStart 消息 到 MediaCodecSource::Puller::onMessageReceived
sp<AMessage> msg = new AMessage(kWhatStart, this);
msg->setObject("meta", meta);
return postSynchronouslyAndReturnError(msg);
}
void MediaCodecSource::Puller::onMessageReceived(const sp<AMessage> &msg) {
switch (msg->what()) {
case kWhatStart: {
// start后，就开始 pull
schedulePull();
}
case kWhatPull:{
// 通过上文的 AudioSource::read 读取采集到的数据
status_t err = mSource->read(&mbuf);
// 将读取到的 mbuf 放入队列
queue->pushBuffer(mbuf);
if (mbuf != NULL) {
// 送到 MediaCodecSource::onMessageReceived， 通知编码器 pull 到数据
mNotify->post();
// 继续 pull
msg->post();
} else {
// 结束 EndOfStream
handleEOS();
}
}
}MediaCodecSource::Puller 读取到数据后，mNotify 发消息 kWhatPullerNotify 通知编码
void MediaCodecSource::onMessageReceived(const sp<AMessage> &msg) {
switch (msg->what()) {
case kWhatPullerNotify:{
...
// 收到 通知，送去编码
feedEncoderInputBuffers();
}
}
}
status_t MediaCodecSource::feedEncoderInputBuffers() {
// 取数据编码
while (!mAvailEncoderInputIndices.empty() && mPuller->readBuffer(&mbuf)) {
...
// inbuf 送到编码器
status_t err = mEncoder->getInputBuffer(bufferIndex, &inbuf);
...
// 编码
status_t err = mEncoder->queueInputBuffer(bufferIndex, 0, size, timeUs, flags);
}
}音频编码后数据处理
在创建编码器时，把 mEncoderActivityNotify 设置到编码器的 Callback，编码器的消息会通过 kWhatEncoderActivity 发送出来
status_t MediaCodecSource::initEncoder() {
...
mEncoderActivityNotify = new AMessage(kWhatEncoderActivity, mReflector);
mEncoder->setCallback(mEncoderActivityNotify);
...
}当编码完成、状态变化，会收到 kWhatEncoderActivity 消息通知
void MediaCodecSource::onMessageReceived(const sp<AMessage> &msg) {
switch (msg->what()) {
case kWhatEncoderActivity:{
if (cbID == MediaCodec::CB_INPUT_AVAILABLE) {
// 输入不可用，继续给编码器送输入
} else if (cbID == MediaCodec::CB_OUTPUT_FORMAT_CHANGED) {
// 输出格式变化
} else if (cbID == MediaCodec::CB_OUTPUT_AVAILABLE) {
// 正常的输出数据
// 获取编码器额输出
status_t err = mEncoder->getOutputBuffer(index, &outbuf);
// 将输出 buf 转 MediaBuffer
MediaBuffer *mbuf = new MediaBuffer(outbuf->size());
// 提取 MetaData
sp<MetaData> meta = new MetaData(mbuf->meta_data());
...
// 将 编码数据 outbuf 填充到 mbuf
memcpy(mbuf->data(), outbuf->data(), outbuf->size());
// 将编码后的数据添加到队列
output->mBufferQueue.push_back(mbuf);
} else if (cbID == MediaCodec::CB_ERROR) {
// ERROR 异常，退出
signalEOS(err);
}
}
}
}当需要数据时,从输出队列取数据即可
status_t MediaCodecSource::read(MediaBufferBase** buffer, const ReadOptions* /* options */) {
Mutexed<Output>::Locked output(mOutput);
*buffer = NULL;
while (output->mBufferQueue.size() == 0 && !output->mEncoderReachedEOS) {
output.waitForCondition(output->mCond);
}
if (!output->mEncoderReachedEOS) {
*buffer = *output->mBufferQueue.begin();
output->mBufferQueue.erase(output->mBufferQueue.begin());
return OK;
}
return output->mErrorCode;
}MPEG4Writer写入音频编码后数据到文件
通过如下源码，我们知道了 MPEG4Writer 创建和写入线程启动
status_t StagefrightRecorder::setupMPEG4orWEBMRecording() {
...
writer = mp4writer = new MPEG4Writer(mOutputFd);
}
status_t StagefrightRecorder::start() {
...
status = mWriter->start(meta.get());
}
status_t MPEG4Writer::start(MetaData *param) {
...
err = startWriterThread();
...
// 这个 startTracks 主要为 MPEG4Writer::Track 做准备
err = startTracks(param);
}
status_t MPEG4Writer::startWriterThread() {
mDone = false;
mIsFirstChunk = true;
mDriftTimeUs = 0;
// 将 音、视频 Track 添加到 mChunkInfos
for (List<Track *>::iterator it = mTracks.begin();
it != mTracks.end(); ++it) {
ChunkInfo info;
info.mTrack = *it;
info.mPrevChunkTimestampUs = 0;
info.mMaxInterChunkDurUs = 0;
mChunkInfos.push_back(info);
}
...
// 启动线程执行 ThreadWrapper
pthread_attr_t attr;
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);
pthread_create(&mThread, &attr, ThreadWrapper, this);
pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
return OK;
}
void *MPEG4Writer::ThreadWrapper(void *me) {
MPEG4Writer *writer = static_cast<MPEG4Writer *>(me);
// 最终执行的是 threadFunc()
writer->threadFunc();
return NULL;
}写入线程开启后，一直循环，无数据时等待
void MPEG4Writer::threadFunc() {
Mutex::Autolock autoLock(mLock);
while (!mDone) {
Chunk chunk;
bool chunkFound = false;
// findChunkToWrite 从 mChunkInfos 找到需要写入的 Chunk
while (!mDone && !(chunkFound = findChunkToWrite(&chunk))) {
mChunkReadyCondition.wait(mLock);
}
// 在实时记录模式下，写时不按顺序持有锁, 减少媒体跟踪线程的阻塞时间。
// 否则，保持锁，直到现有的块被写入文件。
if (chunkFound) {
if (mIsRealTimeRecording) {
mLock.unlock();
}
// 写入 Chunk
writeChunkToFile(&chunk);
if (mIsRealTimeRecording) {
mLock.lock();
}
}
}
// 写入所有内存
writeAllChunks();
}写入到文件是在 writeChunkToFile 中完成
void MPEG4Writer::writeChunkToFile(Chunk* chunk) {
while (!chunk->mSamples.empty()) {
// 取一个 MediaBuffer
List<MediaBuffer *>::iterator it = chunk->mSamples.begin();
...
// 写入 MediaBuffer
off64_t offset = addSample_l(*it, usePrefix, tiffHdrOffset, &bytesWritten);
...
}
// 写入后清空
chunk->mSamples.clear();
}
off64_t MPEG4Writer::addSample_l(MediaBuffer *buffer, bool usePrefix,
uint32_t tiffHdrOffset, size_t *bytesWritten) {
...
writeOrPostError(mFd, (const uint8_t*)buffer->data() + buffer->range_offset(),
buffer->range_length());
}
void MPEG4Writer::writeOrPostError(int fd, const void* buf, size_t count) {
...
// 真正的写入 buf
ssize_t bytesWritten = ::write(fd, buf, count);
...
// IO 异常时 抛出 ，通过消息传递到上层
sp<AMessage> msg = new AMessage(kWhatIOError, mReflector);
msg->setInt32("err", ERROR_IO);
}MPEG4Writer::Track 取编码后的音频编数据
MPEG4Writer::Track 启动源码如下
status_t MPEG4Writer::startTracks(MetaData *params) {
...
for (List<Track *>::iterator it = mTracks.begin();
it != mTracks.end(); ++it) {
// MPEG4Writer::Track start
status_t err = (*it)->start(params);
...
}
return OK;
}
status_t MPEG4Writer::Track::start(MetaData *params) {
...
// 启动线程执行 ThreadWrapper
pthread_create(&mThread, &attr, ThreadWrapper, this);
}
void *MPEG4Writer::Track::ThreadWrapper(void *me) {
Track *track = static_cast<Track *>(me);
status_t err = track->threadEntry();
return (void *)(uintptr_t)err;
}MPEG4Writer::Track::threadEntry 读取编码后的数据
status_t MPEG4Writer::Track::threadEntry() {
// mSource->read 也就是 上文 MediaCodecSource::read ，一直不停的读取数据到 buffer
MediaBufferBase *buffer;
while (!mDone && (err = mSource->read(&buffer)) == OK && buffer != NULL) {
...
// 将 buffer 转为 MediaBuffer
MediaBuffer *copy = new MediaBuffer(buffer->range_length());
if (sampleFileOffset != -1) {
copy->meta_data().setInt64(kKeySampleFileOffset, sampleFileOffset);
} else {
memcpy(copy->data(), (uint8_t*)buffer->data() + buffer->range_offset(),
buffer->range_length());
}
...
// 将 copy 放入队列 mChunkSamples
mChunkSamples.push_back(copy);
...
// 将 mChunkSamples 转 为 Chunk
bufferChunk(timestampUs);
}
}
void MPEG4Writer::Track::bufferChunk(int64_t timestampUs) {
Chunk chunk(this, timestampUs, mChunkSamples);
// 也就是 MPEG4Writer::bufferChunk
mOwner->bufferChunk(chunk);
mChunkSamples.clear();
}
void MPEG4Writer::bufferChunk(const Chunk& chunk) {
Mutex::Autolock autolock(mLock);
for (List<ChunkInfo>::iterator it = mChunkInfos.begin();
it != mChunkInfos.end(); ++it) {
if (chunk.mTrack == it->mTrack) {
// 将 Chunk 放入 ChunkInfo.mChunks 中，
it->mChunks.push_back(chunk);
// 数据准备好了，通知 mChunkReadyCondition.wait 继续执行
// 进而 由 findChunkToWrite 读取写入文件
mChunkReadyCondition.signal();
return;
}
}
}结语
到这里，已经完成了 MediaRecorder 音频采集、编码、写入文件详细源码分析。
用一幅图概括如下
classDiagram
direction LR
class `MPEG4Writer::Track`
AudioSource <..> MediaCodecSource
MediaCodecSource <..> `MPEG4Writer::Track`
`MPEG4Writer::Track` <..> MPEG4Writer
AudioSource : +采集音频()
MediaCodecSource : +编码 ()
`MPEG4Writer::Track` : +读取编码后内容()
MPEG4Writer : +写入编码后内容()
希望对你有所帮助。如果你在使用MediaRecorder的过程中遇到了其他问题，欢迎留言讨论。
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安卓MediaRecorder(1)录制音频的详细使用
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安卓MediaRecorder(3)音频采集编码写入详细源码分析
安卓MediaRecorder(4)视频采集编码写入详细源码分析
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